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  • EpicThe Epic of the CidCantar de mio CidAnonymous · 1207Castile at the end of the eleventh century, where a vassal banished by his king takes up arms again to recover his honour.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetryBook of AlexanderLibro de AlexandreAnonymous · 1230The story of Alexander the Great told in learned thirteenth-century Castilian, as that of a Christian knight.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetryMiracles of Our LadyMilagros de Nuestra SeñoraGonzalo de Berceo · 1252Twenty-five Marian miracles set in Castilian verse, in which the Virgin saves even the sinners who pray to her.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetryThe Book of Good LoveLibro de buen amorJuan Ruiz (Archpriest of Hita) · 1330A man of the Church tells of his love affairs, among fables, songs and parodies.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetrySpanish BalladsRomancero viejoAnonymous · 1500Short poems sung and passed on by word of mouth, then printed as peddlers' broadsheets at the beginning of the sixteenth century.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelAmadis of GaulAmadís de GaulaGarci Rodríguez de Montalvo · 1508A child abandoned to the waves becomes the most faithful of knights, devoted to Princess Oriana.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelLazarillo de TormesAnonymous · 1554Sixteenth-century Castile, seen through a poor child who passes from master to master.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelThe DianaLos siete libros de la DianaJorge de Montemayor · 1559Shepherds with thwarted loves tell each other their sorrows and set out together to find a remedy.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelDon QuixoteDon Quijote de la ManchaMiguel de Cervantes · 1605A hidalgo who takes himself for a knight errant sets out to right wrongs, with a neighbouring peasant as his squire.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetryThe SolitudesSoledadesLuis de Góngora · 1613Cast up on an island, a young shipwrecked man discovers the life of the shepherds and of the people of the shores.LiteraturePublic domain
  • TheatrePeribáñez and the Comendador of OcañaPeribáñez y el comendador de OcañaLope de Vega · 1614A Castilian town, where a lord covets the wife of a well-off peasant who has just married.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelThe GrifterEl BuscónFrancisco de Quevedo · 1626The son of poor people from Segovia wants to pass himself off as a gentleman and tells of his own falls.LiteraturePublic domain
  • TheatreThe Truth Can't Be TrustedLa verdad sospechosaJuan Ruiz de Alarcón · 1634A student back from Salamanca invents stories to please and to escape the marriage his father intends for him.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelCartas marruecasJosé Cadalso · 1789not translated into EnglishA young Moroccan passing through describes Spain in his letters, and a learned Spaniard replies to him.LiteraturePublic domain
  • ChronicleFígaro. Colección de artículosMariano José de Larra · 1835not translated into EnglishA columnist who signs himself Fígaro mocks, article after article, the manners and politics of Spain in the 1830s.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetryThe Student of SalamancaEl estudiante de SalamancaJosé de Espronceda · 1840A seducer from Salamanca abandons a young woman, whose brother comes to demand satisfaction.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelThe Lord of BembibreEl señor de BembibreEnrique Gil y Carrasco · 1844In the fourteenth-century Bierzo, a young lord sees the woman he loves promised to another, while the Templars lose their power.LiteraturePublic domain
  • TheatreDon Juan TenorioJosé Zorrilla · 1844In Seville, an unscrupulous seducer takes up a wager that leads him to the gates of a convent.LiteraturePublic domain
  • Short storiesLegendsLeyendasGustavo Adolfo Bécquer · 1858Legendary tales in which night, ruins and churches hold supernatural encounters in store for the characters.LiteraturePublic domain
  • PoetryGalician SongsCantares gallegosRosalía de Castro · 1863A peasant woman sings of Galicia, and other voices from the villages answer her.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NarrativeThe Three-Cornered HatEl sombrero de tres picosPedro Antonio de Alarcón · 1874A magistrate covets a miller's wife and arranges to find the house empty.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelPepita JiménezJuan Valera · 1874The letters of an Andalusian seminarian to his uncle, in which the young widow promised to his father takes up all the room.Literature
  • TheatreThe Great GaleotoEl gran GaleotoJosé de Echegaray · 1881In the house of a man who took him in, a young author becomes, against his will, the object of the town's rumours.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelLa RegentaLeopoldo Alas "Clarín" · 1884In a provincial town that watches her, a young woman married to an older man is bored and seeks meaning in her life.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelSotilezaJosé María de Pereda · 1885not translated into EnglishTaken in by sailors of Santander, a child without a family grows up among the fishermen and the boys of the port.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelFortunata and JacintaFortunata y JacintaBenito Pérez Galdós · 1886A young man from a well-off Madrid family divides his life between a wife from his own world and a woman of the people whom he has seduced.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelThe House of UlloaLos pazos de UlloaEmilia Pardo Bazán · 1886A young chaplain discovers a derelict Galician manor house and sets out to bring its master back to an orderly life.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelSister Saint SulpiceLa hermana San SulpicioArmando Palacio Valdés · 1889A Galician doctor falls in love with an Andalusian nun and follows her to Seville.Literature
  • TheatreThe Bonds of InterestLos intereses creadosJacinto Benavente · 1907A penniless valet invents a fortune and a noble birth for his master, and runs the town into debt in his name.LiteraturePublic domain
  • CinemaThe Red SpectreLe Spectre rougeSegundo de Chomón · 1907In a cave, a demonic magician multiplies his spells, which a good spirit comes to thwart.Cinema
  • NovelThe Tree of KnowledgeEl árbol de la cienciaPío Baroja · 1911A medical student in Madrid looks to science and philosophy for a reason to live.Literature
  • TheatreThe Cradle SongCanción de cunaMaría de la O Lejárraga and Gregorio Martínez Sierra · 1911Cloistered nuns in Castile take in an infant left in front of the convent and take charge of its upbringing.Literature
  • PoetryFields of CastileCampos de CastillaAntonio Machado · 1912Poems on the lands and the men of Castile, written in Soria at the beginning of the twentieth century.LiteraturePublic domain
  • EssayCastillaAzorín · 1912not translated into EnglishFourteen Castilian scenes, stations, inns, cathedral and clouds, in which only time passes.Literature
  • NarrativePlatero and IPlatero y yoJuan Ramón Jiménez · 1914A poet walks his donkey through an Andalusian town and confides to it everything they see together.Literature
  • NovelFogNieblaMiguel de Unamuno · 1914Augusto Pérez, in love and at a loss, goes to ask advice from the writer who invented him.Literature
  • NovelThe Four Horsemen of the ApocalypseLos cuatro jinetes del ApocalipsisVicente Blasco Ibáñez · 1916The war of 1914 sets against each other two branches of a family from Argentina, one French, the other German.Literature
  • PoetryAphorismsGregueríasRamón Gómez de la Serna · 1917One-line sentences that set an unexpected image on everyday things, somewhere between humour and metaphor.Literature
  • TheatreBohemian LightsLuces de bohemiaRamón María del Valle-Inclán · 1920A blind and ruined poet wanders for a night through the wretched Madrid of the 1920s.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelOur Father San DanielNuestro Padre San DanielGabriel Miró · 1921A devout small town in the Levante, in the nineteenth century, and those who live there between fervour and hypocrisy.LiteraturePublic domain
  • NovelBelarmino and ApolonioBelarmino y ApolonioRamón Pérez de Ayala · 1921Two rival cobblers in a provincial town, one a philosopher with an invented language, the other a playwright, and their children who love each other.Literature
  • PoetryCánticoJorge Guillén · 1928Poems of light and of accord with the world, written with an economy of words in which the noun outweighs the verb.Literature
  • PoetryConcerning the AngelsSobre los ángelesRafael Alberti · 1929Angels who are the dark forces of a poet in crisis, in verse that slips towards dream.Literature
  • CinemaEl sexto sentidoNemesio M. Sobrevila · 1929The images made by an eccentric scientist, convinced that the camera sees more truly than the eye, unsettle a couple in Madrid.Cinema
  • CinemaThe Cursed VillageLa aldea malditaFlorián Rey · 1930A ruined Castilian village empties of its inhabitants while a peasant serves his sentence in prison.Cinema
  • TheatreBlood WeddingBodas de sangreFederico García Lorca · 1933On her wedding day, a bride runs away with the man she once loved, and the whole wedding party sets off in pursuit of them.Literature
  • PoetryMy Voice Because of YouLa voz a ti debidaPedro Salinas · 1933Seventy love poems addressed to a woman who is never named, like a single song in several moments.Literature
  • NovelMr. Witt Among the RebelsMister Witt en el cantónRamón J. Sender · 1935During the Cartagena uprising of 1873, an English engineer observes the revolt and keeps watch on his wife.Literature
  • PoetryLa realidad y el deseoLuis Cernuda · 1936not translated into EnglishThe whole poetry of a lifetime, gathered into a single book that was constantly enlarged, between desire and a reality that thwarts it.Literature
  • PoetryThe Unceasing LightningEl rayo que no cesaMiguel Hernández · 1936Sonnets of a love that causes suffering, peopled with bulls and lightning, and the mourning of a comrade.Literature
  • PoetryShadow of ParadiseSombra del paraísoVicente Aleixandre · 1944The longing for a nature from before the fall, dazzling and intact, which the poet still hopes to find again.Literature
  • PoetryChildren of WrathHijos de la iraDámaso Alonso · 1944A cry against an unjust world and against the silence of God, uttered from post-war Madrid.Literature
  • NovelNadaCarmen Laforet · 1945An orphaned student discovers, in the family flat on Calle Aribau, the poverty of the years following the Civil War.Literature
  • CinemaLife on a ThreadLa vida en un hiloEdgar Neville · 1945On a train to Madrid, a fortune-teller shows a young widow the life she missed because of a single detail.Cinema
  • PoetryLa casa encendidaLuis Rosales · 1949not translated into EnglishA man comes home at night, and his memories gradually fill the house with his loved ones.Literature
  • PoetryEn once años, poesías de juventudDionisio Ridruejo · 1950not translated into EnglishTen years of youthful poetry, in sonnets and classical stanzas, gathered in a single book.Literature
  • NovelThe HiveLa colmenaCamilo José Cela · 1951The starving Madrid of 1943, seen around a café through hundreds of lives that brush against one another.Literature
  • CinemaBlack SkyCielo negroManuel Mur Oti · 1951A Madrid seamstress with failing eyesight dresses up in secret to please a poet, and pays dearly for it.Cinema
  • CinemaFurrowsSurcosJosé Antonio Nieves Conde · 1951A peasant family goes up to Madrid, and the city offers it only the black market, humiliations and poverty.Cinema
  • NovelThe Cypresses Believe in GodLos cipreses creen en DiosJosé María Gironella · 1953A family from Girona and an entire town slowly divide in the years leading up to the war.Literature
  • CinemaLife in ShadowsVida en sombrasLorenzo Llobet Gràcia · 1953Carlos Durán, born with the cinema, sacrifices his wife Ana to it, then comes to hate the art that has governed his life.Cinema
  • CinemaDeath of a CyclistMuerte de un ciclistaJuan Antonio Bardem · 1955Two lovers from Madrid's high society abandon a cyclist they have run over and afterwards live in fear.Cinema
  • CinemaRadio StoriesHistorias de la radioJosé Luis Sáenz de Heredia · 1955Three listeners take part in the contests of a radio station, each for a reason that is nothing to laugh about.Cinema
  • NovelThe RiverEl JaramaRafael Sánchez Ferlosio · 1956Eleven young people from Madrid spend a Sunday by a river, near an inn frequented by regulars.Literature
  • NovelJusep Torres CampalansMax Aub · 1958A monograph on a Cubist painter, with documents and catalogue to support it, for an entirely invented artist.Literature
  • TheatreThe Car CemeteryEl cementerio de automóvilesFernando Arrabal · 1958A Passion replayed by three outlawed musicians, among the wrecks of a car cemetery turned into a hotel.Literature
  • NovelDeath as a Way of LifeMuertes de perroFrancisco Ayala · 1958The chronicle of a fallen tropical regime, reconstructed by a disabled man from the papers of those who took part in it.Literature
  • NovelThe IslandPrimera memoriaAna María Matute · 1960A summer of war in the Balearic Islands, in which a teenage girl learns about the adult world.Literature
  • CinemaViridianaLuis Buñuel · 1961A novice gives up the convent and opens a Castilian estate to beggars, in an act of charity poorly repaid.Cinema
  • NovelTime of SilenceTiempo de silencioLuis Martín-Santos · 1962A penniless Madrid researcher, drawn by his mice into the shantytowns of the post-war years.Literature
  • CinemaAtraco a las tresJosé María Forqué · 1962Madrid bank employees decide to rob their own branch, as in the movies.Cinema
  • CinemaThe ExecutionerEl verdugoLuis García Berlanga · 1963José Luis marries a hangman's daughter, and the father-in-law's office comes with the flat.Cinema
  • CinemaLos TarantosFrancisco Rovira Beleta · 1963Rafael and Juana, from two enemy Gypsy clans, want to marry in the seaside shacks.Cinema
  • CinemaLa tía TulaMiguel Picazo · 1964Tula takes in her widowed brother-in-law and her sister's children, and intends to raise them without having a husband.Cinema
  • CinemaLife Goes OnEl mundo sigueFernando Fernán Gómez · 1965Two sisters from a poor district of Madrid tear each other apart, jealous of one another and of money.Cinema
  • NovelFive Hours with MarioCinco horas con MarioMiguel Delibes · 1966A widow keeps vigil over her husband for a whole night and voices all the reproaches she has kept to herself.Literature
  • CinemaNine Letters to BertaNueve cartas a BertaBasilio Martín Patino · 1966Back from England in Salamanca, Lorenzo writes nine letters to Berta, who has stayed in England, and tells her of the boredom of his city.Cinema
  • CinemaLa ciudad no es para míPedro Lazaga · 1966Agustín Valverde leaves Calacierva to live with his son, a doctor, in Madrid, where he is out of place.Cinema
  • CinemaLa piel quemadaJosé María Forn · 1967An Andalusian bricklayer in Lloret de Mar, José spends his last night alone while Juana and their children travel by train to join him.Cinema
  • NovelCount JulianReivindicación del conde don JuliánJuan Goytisolo · 1970From Tangier, an exile rehabilitates the legendary traitor of Spanish history and dreams of undoing his country.Literature
  • NovelLa saga/fuga de J. B.Gonzalo Torrente Ballester · 1972not translated into EnglishIn an imaginary Galician town that levitates, an unemployed teacher inherits a legend of saviours.Literature
  • CinemaLa cabinaAntonio Mercero · 1972A man who goes into a telephone box put up that very morning to make a call is left shut inside, in front of a watching crowd.Cinema
  • NovelThe FallenSi te dicen que caíJuan Marsé · 1973In the slums of post-war Barcelona, kids invent stories in which the truth gets lost.Literature
  • CinemaThe Spirit of the BeehiveEl espíritu de la colmenaVíctor Erice · 1973Ana, six years old, sees Frankenstein at the village cinema and sets out to look for the monster, whom her sister says is alive.Cinema
  • CinemaTormentTormentoPedro Olea · 1974Courted by Agustín Caballero, a relative returned rich from America, Amparo fears that the priest who was once her lover will reappear.Cinema
  • NovelHorses into the NightCavalls cap a la foscaBaltasar Porcel · 1975From Paris, a writer unearths three centuries of violent passions in the Majorcan line of the Vadell family.Literature
  • CinemaPoachersFurtivosJosé Luis Borau · 1975The poacher Ángel installs Milagros, a young runaway he met in town, under the roof of Martina, his mother.Cinema
  • CinemaWho Can Kill a Child?¿Quién puede matar a un niño?Narciso Ibáñez Serrador · 1976Tom and Evelyn land on Almanzora, an island where they meet only children and no adults at all.Cinema
  • CinemaCría cuervosCarlos Saura · 1976An eight-year-old orphan, Ana stands up to her aunt Paulina and believes she sees her dead mother return.Cinema
  • NovelThe Back RoomEl cuarto de atrásCarmen Martín Gaite · 1978One sleepless night, a visitor in black brings back to a novelist her childhood under Franco.Literature
  • NovelSouthern SeasLos mares del SurManuel Vázquez Montalbán · 1979A Barcelona detective reconstructs the hidden year of a property developer who said he was leaving for Polynesia.Literature
  • NovelEl bandido doblemente armadoSoledad Puértolas · 1980not translated into EnglishA proud apprentice writer tells the story of a rich and strange family he has long observed at close quarters.Literature
  • CinemaArrebatoIván Zulueta · 1980A filmmaker in crisis, José Sirgado receives from Pedro, a boy he barely knows, a film, a recorded voice and a key.Cinema
  • CinemaDemons in the GardenDemonios en el jardínManuel Gutiérrez Aragón · 1982Juanito, the child of Ángela and Juan, comes to recover with Gloria, his grandmother, in the family grocery shop of the Jardín.Cinema
  • CinemaBegin the BeguineVolver a empezarJosé Luis Garci · 1982Just crowned with the Nobel, the exile Antonio Albajara returns to Gijón to see Elena, loved in his youth.Cinema
  • CinemaThe Holy InnocentsLos santos inocentesMario Camus · 1984Paco, Régula and their children serve an Extremadura estate, where Azarías, a simple-minded man, joins them.Cinema
  • TheatreGoing Down to MoroccoBajarse al moroJosé Luis Alonso de Santos · 1985Four young people from a flat in Lavapiés set up a small smuggling operation on the other side of the strait.Literature
  • NovelThe City of MarvelsLa ciudad de los prodigiosEduardo Mendoza · 1986A boy from the Catalan countryside rises unscrupulously in a Barcelona that remakes itself from one exhibition to the next.Literature
  • CinemaWomen on the Verge of a Nervous BreakdownMujeres al borde de un ataque de nerviosPedro Almodóvar · 1988Left by Iván, Pepa tries to reach him while her penthouse fills up with strangers and friends in distress.Cinema
  • CinemaDawn Breaks, Which Is No Small ThingAmanece, que no es pocoJosé Luis Cuerda · 1989An engineer and his father discover a village in Albacete where everyone follows an absurd logic, taken in all seriousness.Cinema
  • CinemaFlowers from Another WorldFlores de otro mundoIcíar Bollaín · 1999A Castilian village without women invites single women from elsewhere, and discovers what hospitality costs.Cinema